Tech@Edu

DESIGN OF CYLINDER In designing a cylinder for an I. C. engine, it is required to determine the following values :  1. Thickness of the cylinder wall- The cylinder wall is subjected to gas pressure and the piston side thrust. The gas pressure produces the following two types of stresses :  (a) Longitudinal stress, and (b) Circumferential stress. Since these two stresses act at right angles to each other, therefore, the net stress in each direction is reduced.  The piston side thrust tends to bend the cylinder wall, but the stress in the wall due to side thrust is very small and hence it may be neglected.  Let D 0  = Outside diameter of the cylinder in mm, D = Inside diameter of the cylinder in mm, p = Maximum pressure inside the engine cylinder in MPa,  t = Thickness of the cylinder wall in mm, and  1/m = Poisson’s ratio. It is usually taken as 0.25. The thickness of a cylinder wall (t) is usually obtained by using a thin cylindrical formula,i.e

 IC Engine  "Internal combustion engines" (briefly written as I. C. engines) are those engines in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine cylinder.  The I.C. engines use either petrol or diesel as their fuel. In petrol engines (also called spark ignition engines or S.I engines), the correct proportion of air and petrol is mixed in the carburetor and fed to engine cylinder where it is ignited by means of a spark produced at the spark plug. In diesel engines (also called compression ignition engines or C.I engines), only air is supplied to the engine cylinder during suction stroke and it is compressed to a very high pressure, thereby raising its temperature from 600°C to 1000°C. The desired quantity of fuel (diesel) is now injected into the engine cylinder in the form of a very fine spray and gets ignited when comes in contact with the hot air. CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES  1. According to Application  Automotive: 

MACHINE DESIGN The subject Machine Design is the creation of new and better machines and improving the existing ones. A new or better machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation. The process of design is a long and time consuming one. From the study of existing ideas, a new idea has to be conceived. The idea is then studied keeping in mind its commercial success and given shape and form in the form of drawings. In the preparation of these drawings, care must be taken of the availability of resources in money, in men and in materials required for the successful completion of the new idea into an actual reality. In designing a machine component, it is necessary to have a good knowledge of many subjects such as Mathematics, Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Theory of Machines, Workshop Processes and Engineering Drawing. Classifications of Machine Design  The machine design may be classified as follows :  1. Adaptiv