JET PROPULSION

JET PROPULSION

"Jet propulsion is the propulsion of an object in one direction, produced by ejecting a jet of fluid in the opposite direction."

The principle of Jet Propulsion is obtained from the application Newton's third law. i.e., For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

When a fluid is to be accelerated, a force is required to produce this acceleration in the fluid. At the same time, there is an equal and opposite reaction force acting on this fluid. This opposite reaction force of the fluid on the engine is known as thrust. Hence it may stated that the principle of jet propulsion is based on the reaction principle.

Any fluid can be used to achieve the jet propulsion principle. Thus water, steam, and combustion gases are used to propel a body in a fluid. But there are limitations imposed upon the choice of the suitable fluid when it is applied to the propulsion bodies.

CLASSIFICATION OF JET PROPULSION

Jet Propulsion engines may be classified broadly into two groups.

1. Air breathing engines
2. Non -air breathing engine or Rocket engines

1. Air breathing engines- The air breathing engine are those engine in which combustion is take place by atmospheric oxygen.
Air breathing engines can be further classified as follows:

1. Gas turbine powered engines:
1. Turbojet Engine
2. Turboprob or Turbopropeller Engine
3.Turbofan Engine
4. Turboshaft Engine

2. Ram powered jet engine:
1. Ramjet Engine
2. Scramjet Engine

3. Pulsed combustion jet engine:
1. Pulse detonation engine
2. Pulse jet engine
3. Motorjet

2. Non -air breathing engine or Rocket engines- The Non-air breathing engine are those engine in which combustion is take place by oxygen supply from the separate tank. The non-air breathing engines having own oxidizer tank.
Non-air breathing engines can be further classified as follows:

Method of Propulsion
1. Chemical rocket engines
2. Nuclear rocket engines
3. Electrical rocket engines
4. Solar rocket engines

Chemical rocket engines can be classified as:
1. Liquid propellant rocket engine
2. Solid propellant rocket engine
3. Hybrid propellant rocket engine

Nuclear rocket engines can be classified as:
1. Fusion rocket engine
2. Fission rocket engine

Solar rocket engines can be classified as:
1. Solar sail rocket
2. Solar-heated rocket

Rocket engines can be further classified as follows:

Based on types of Missiles
1. Cruise missile
2. Ballistic missile

Based on Launch Mode :
1. Surface-to-surface missile (SSM)
2. Surface-to-air missile (SAM)
3. Air-to-surface missile (ASM)
4. Air-to-air missile (AAM)
5. Anti-tank missile (ATM)

Based on Application :
1. Space rockets
2. Military rockets
3. Weather forecasting rockets
4. Booster rockets

Based on Number of Stages:
1. Single stage rockets
2. Multistage rockets

Based on Size and Range:
1. Battlefield short range (up to 150 km)
2. Short-range missile (150–799 km)
3. Medium-range missile (800–2399 km)
4. Intermediate-range ballistic missile (2400–5499 km)
5. Intercontinental ballistic missile (over 5500 km)

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