LIQUID PROPELLANT FEED SYSTEM

 LIQUID PROPELLANT FEED SYSTEM

There are two types of liquid feed system. They are :
(1) Gas pressure feed system
(2) Pump feed system

1. GAS PRESSURE FEED SYSTEM

In the gas pressure feed system an inert gas (Helium or Nitrogen) is stored in a tank at high pressure and it is passed into pressure-regulator valves. This high pressure inert gas from the regulator is used to force the propellants (Fuel and Oxidizer). The propellants under high pressure are forced to flow into the combustion chamber through control valves. Several regulating and check valves are used for filling, draining and checking the flow of propellants. Moving parts such as pumps and turbines are not used. Therefore, this system is considerably simpler. The pressurization of the propellant tank is comparatively much heavier. So, this system is not suitable for large rocket engines and long range missions.
2. TURBO PUMP FEED SYSTEM

In this system, liquid fuel and the liquid oxidizer are stored in a separate tank at low pressure. Liquid fuel and liquid oxidizer are forced into the combustion Chamber at high pressure by the fuel and oxidizer pumps. Gas turbine is used to operate the fuel and oxidizer pumps. Liquid hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from the tank is decomposed by a catalyst such as calcium or sodium permanganate. Due to this, steam and oxygen are generated. This steam is used to drive the turbine. Because of the third liquid, the gas turbine, the pumps and additional lines are necessary. So the pump pressurization system is considerably more complex than gas pressurization system. Design of pump is a greatest problem that will handle the liquids safely and without leaks.

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